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<title>Containerization (computing)</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Containerization (computing)</span></span>

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<p>In <a href="Software_engineering" title="Software engineering">software engineering</a>, <b>containerization</b> is <a href="OS-level_virtualization" title="OS-level virtualization">operating-system-level virtualization</a> or <a href="Application-level_virtualization" class="mw-redirect" title="Application-level virtualization">application-level virtualization</a> over multiple network resources so that software applications can run in isolated user spaces called <i>containers</i> in any <a href="Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud</a> or non-cloud environment, regardless of type or vendor.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term "container" is overloaded, and it is important to ensure that the intended definition aligns with the audience's understanding. <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2></div>

<p>Each <i>container</i> is basically a fully functional and portable cloud or non-cloud computing environment surrounding the application and keeping it independent of other environments running in parallel.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Individually, each container simulates a different software application and runs isolated processes<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by bundling related configuration files, libraries and dependencies.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But, collectively, multiple containers share a common <a href="Kernel_(operating_system)" title="Kernel (operating system)">operating system kernel</a> (OS).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In recent times, containerization technology has been widely adopted by cloud computing platforms like <a href="Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services">Amazon Web Services</a>, <a href="Microsoft_Azure" title="Microsoft Azure">Microsoft Azure</a>, <a href="Google_Cloud_Platform" title="Google Cloud Platform">Google Cloud Platform</a>, and <a href="IBM_Cloud" title="IBM Cloud">IBM Cloud</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Containerization has also been pursued by the U.S. Department of Defense as a way of more rapidly developing and fielding software updates, with first application in its <a href="Lockheed_Martin_F-22_Raptor" title="Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor">F-22</a> air superiority fighter.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_containers">Types of containers</h2></div>

<ul><li>OS containers</li>

<li>Application containers</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Security_issues">Security issues</h2></div>

<ul><li>Because of the shared OS, security threats can affect the whole containerized system.</li>

<li>In containerized environments, security scanners generally protect the OS, but not the application containers, which adds unwanted vulnerability.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Container_management,_orchestration,_clustering">Container management, orchestration, clustering</h2></div>

<p>Container <a href="Orchestration_(computing)" title="Orchestration (computing)">orchestration</a> or container management is mostly used in the context of application containers.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Implementations providing such orchestration include <a href="Kubernetes" title="Kubernetes">Kubernetes</a> and <a href="Docker_(software)" title="Docker (software)">Docker swarm</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Container_cluster_management">Container cluster management</h2></div>

<p>Container clusters need to be managed. This includes functionality to create a cluster, to upgrade the software or repair it, balance the load between existing instances, scale by starting or stopping instances to adapt to the number of users, to log activities and monitor produced logs or the application itself by querying sensors. Open-source implementations of such software include <a href="OKD_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="OKD (software)">OKD</a> and Rancher. Quite a number of companies provide container cluster management as a managed service, like <a href="Alibaba_Group" title="Alibaba Group">Alibaba</a>, <a href="Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a>, <a href="Google" title="Google">Google</a>, <a href="Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>.

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<ul><li><a href="Docker_(software)" title="Docker (software)">Docker (software)</a></li>

<li><a href="Kubernetes" title="Kubernetes">Kubernetes</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_Container_Initiative" title="Open Container Initiative">Open Container Initiative</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_machines" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual machines">Virtual machines</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<dl><dt>Journal articles</dt>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFBentalebBelloumSebaaEl-Maouhab2021" class="citation journal cs1">Bentaleb, Ouafa; Belloum, Adam S. Z.; Sebaa, Abderrazak; El-Maouhab, Aouaouche (8 June 2021). "Containerization technologies: taxonomies, applications and challenges". <i>The Journal of Supercomputing</i>. <b>78</b>: <span class="nowrap">1144–</span>1181. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11227-021-03914-1">10.1007/s11227-021-03914-1</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:236220833">236220833</a>.</cite></li>

<li>Moreau, David; Wiebels, Kristina; Boettiger, Carl (2023). Containers for computational reproducibility. <i>Nature Reviews Methods Primers,</i> 3 (50). <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43586-023-00236-9">https://doi.org/10.1038/s43586-023-00236-9</a></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFWatadaRoyKadikarPham2019" class="citation journal cs1">Watada, Junzo; Roy, Arunava; Kadikar, Ruturaj; Pham, Hoang; Xu, Bing (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FACCESS.2019.2945930">"Emerging Trends, Techniques and Open Issues of Containerization: A Review"</a>. <i>IEEE Access</i>. <b>7</b>: <span class="nowrap">152443–</span>152472. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019IEEEA...7o2443W">2019IEEEA...7o2443W</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FACCESS.2019.2945930">10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2945930</a></span>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:204970781">204970781</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFvan_den_BergSiegelCramp2017" class="citation journal cs1">van den Berg, Tom; Siegel, Barry; Cramp, Anthony (April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1548512916662365">"Containerization of high level architecture-based simulations: A case study"</a>. <i>The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation: Applications, Methodology, Technology</i>. <b>14</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">115–</span>138. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1548512916662365">10.1177/1548512916662365</a></span>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:64405143">64405143</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFZhangTangLiLiu2021" class="citation book cs1">Zhang, Xiao; Tang, Yu; Li, Hao; Liu, Shaotao; Lin, Di (2021). "Containerization Design for Autonomous and Controllable Cloud Distributed System". <i>Communications, Signal Processing, and Systems</i>. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Vol. 654. pp. <span class="nowrap">30–</span>38. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-981-15-8411-4_4">10.1007/978-981-15-8411-4_4</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-981-15-8410-7</bdi>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:236762442">236762442</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFOdun-AyoGetelomaEweoyaAhuja2019" class="citation book cs1">Odun-Ayo, Isaac; Geteloma, Victor; Eweoya, Ibukun; Ahuja, Ravin (2019). "Virtualization, Containerization, Composition, and Orchestration of Cloud Computing Services". <i>Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2019</i>. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 11622. pp. <span class="nowrap">403–</span>417. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-030-24305-0_30">10.1007/978-3-030-24305-0_30</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-3-030-24304-3</bdi>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:195769647">195769647</a>.</cite></li></ul>

<dl><dt>Books</dt>

<ul><li>Gabriel N. Schenker, Hideto Saito, Hui-Chuan Chloe Lee, Ke-Jou Carol Hsu, (2019) <i>Getting Started with Containerization: Reduce the operational burden on your system by automating and managing your containers</i>, <a href="Packt_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Packt Publishing">Packt Publishing</a>, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-83864-903-6</bdi></li>

<li>Jeeva S. Chelladhurai, Vinod Singh, Pethuru Raj (2014), <i>Learning Docker</i>, <a href="Packt_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Packt Publishing">Packt Publishing</a>, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-9888202-0-3</bdi></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><div id="Virtualization_software371" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Virtualization" title="Virtualization">Virtualization</a> software</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="Comparison_of_platform_virtualization_software" title="Comparison of platform virtualization software">Comparison of platform virtualization software</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Hardware_virtualization" title="Hardware virtualization">Hardware</a><br>(<a href="Hypervisor" title="Hypervisor">hypervisors</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Native</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Adaptive_Domain_Environment_for_Operating_Systems" title="Adaptive Domain Environment for Operating Systems">Adeos</a></li>

<li><a href="Hyper-V" title="Hyper-V">Hyper-V</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="OVirt" title="OVirt">oVirt</a></li>

<li>KubeVirt</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Oracle_VM_Server_for_SPARC" title="Oracle VM Server for SPARC">LDoms / Oracle VM Server for SPARC</a></li>

<li><a href="Logical_partition" title="Logical partition">Logical partition</a> (LPAR)</li>

<li><a href="LynxSecure" title="LynxSecure">LynxSecure</a></li>

<li><a href="PikeOS" title="PikeOS">PikeOS</a></li>

<li><a href="Proxmox_Virtual_Environment" title="Proxmox Virtual Environment">Proxmox VE</a></li>

<li><a href="SIMMON" title="SIMMON">SIMMON</a></li>

<li><a href="VMware_ESXi" title="VMware ESXi">VMware ESXi</a>

<ul><li><a href="VMware_vSphere" title="VMware vSphere">VMware vSphere</a></li>

<li><a href="VCloud_Air" title="VCloud Air">vCloud</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="VMware_Infrastructure" title="VMware Infrastructure">VMware Infrastructure</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="XenServer" class="mw-redirect" title="XenServer">XenServer</a></li>

<li><a href="XtratuM" title="XtratuM">XtratuM</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hosted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Basilisk_II" title="Basilisk II">Basilisk II</a></li>

<li><a href="Bochs" title="Bochs">Bochs</a></li>

<li><a href="Cooperative_Linux" title="Cooperative Linux">Cooperative Linux</a></li>

<li><a href="DOSBox" title="DOSBox">DOSBox</a></li>

<li><a href="DOSEMU" title="DOSEMU">DOSEMU</a></li>

<li><a href="PikeOS" title="PikeOS">PikeOS</a></li>

<li><a href="SheepShaver" title="SheepShaver">SheepShaver</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_on_Windows" title="Windows on Windows">Windows on Windows</a>

<ul><li><a href="Virtual_DOS_machine" title="Virtual DOS machine">Virtual DOS machine</a></li></ul></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bhyve" title="Bhyve">bhyve</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Virtual_Server" title="Microsoft Virtual Server">Microsoft Virtual Server</a></li>

<li><a href="Parallels_Workstation" title="Parallels Workstation">Parallels Workstation</a> (<a href="Parallels_Workstation_Extreme" title="Parallels Workstation Extreme">Extreme</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Parallels_Desktop_for_Mac" title="Parallels Desktop for Mac">Parallels Desktop for Mac</a></li>

<li><a href="Parallels_Server_for_Mac" class="mw-redirect" title="Parallels Server for Mac">Parallels Server for Mac</a></li>

<li><a href="PearPC" title="PearPC">PearPC</a></li>

<li><a href="VirtualBox" title="VirtualBox">VirtualBox</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_Iron" title="Virtual Iron">Virtual Iron</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_PC" title="Virtual PC">Virtual PC</a></li>

<li><a href="VMware_Fusion" title="VMware Fusion">VMware Fusion</a></li>

<li><a href="VMware_Server" title="VMware Server">VMware Server</a></li>

<li><a href="VMware_Workstation" title="VMware Workstation">VMware Workstation</a> (<a href="VMware_Workstation_Player" title="VMware Workstation Player">Player</a>)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ganeti" title="Ganeti">Ganeti</a></li>

<li><a href="System_Center_Virtual_Machine_Manager" title="System Center Virtual Machine Manager">System Center Virtual Machine Manager</a></li>

<li><a href="Virt-manager" title="Virt-manager">Virt-manager</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="OS-level_virtualization" title="OS-level virtualization">Operating<br>system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">OS containers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="FreeBSD_jail" title="FreeBSD jail">FreeBSD jail</a></li>

<li>iCore Virtual Accounts</li>

<li><a href="Linux-VServer" title="Linux-VServer">Linux-VServer</a></li>

<li><a href="LXC" title="LXC">Linux Containers</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenVZ" title="OpenVZ">OpenVZ</a></li>

<li><a href="Solaris_Containers" title="Solaris Containers">Solaris Containers</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtuozzo_(company)#Software" title="Virtuozzo (company)">Virtuozzo</a></li>

<li><a href="Workload_Partitions" title="Workload Partitions">Workload Partitions</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Application containers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Docker_(software)" title="Docker (software)">Docker</a></li>

<li><a href="Podman" title="Podman">Podman</a></li>

<li><a href="Lmctfy" title="Lmctfy">lmctfy</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Virtual kernel architectures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Rump_kernel" title="Rump kernel">Rump kernel</a></li>

<li><a href="User-mode_Linux" title="User-mode Linux">User-mode Linux</a></li>

<li><a href="Vkernel" title="Vkernel">vkernel</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related kernel features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Solaris_Containers#Branded_zones" title="Solaris Containers">BrandZ</a></li>

<li><a href="Cgroups" title="Cgroups">cgroups</a></li>

<li><a href="Chroot" title="Chroot">chroot</a></li>

<li><a href="Linux_namespaces" title="Linux namespaces">namespaces</a></li>

<li><a href="Seccomp" title="Seccomp">seccomp</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Orchestration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services">Amazon ECS</a></li>

<li><a href="Kubernetes" title="Kubernetes">Kubernetes</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenShift" title="OpenShift">OpenShift</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Desktop_virtualization" title="Desktop virtualization">Desktop</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Citrix_Virtual_Apps" title="Citrix Virtual Apps">Citrix Virtual Apps</a></li>

<li><a href="Citrix_Virtual_Desktops" title="Citrix Virtual Desktops">Citrix Virtual Desktops</a></li>

<li><a href="Remote_Desktop_Services" title="Remote Desktop Services">Remote Desktop Services</a></li>

<li><a href="VMware_Horizon" class="mw-redirect" title="VMware Horizon">VMware Horizon</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Application_virtualization" title="Application virtualization">Application</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ceedo" title="Ceedo">Ceedo</a></li>

<li><a href="Citrix_Virtual_Apps" title="Citrix Virtual Apps">Citrix Virtual Apps</a></li>

<li><a href="Dalvik_(software)" title="Dalvik (software)">Dalvik</a></li>

<li><a href="InstallFree" title="InstallFree">InstallFree</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_App-V" title="Microsoft App-V">Microsoft App-V</a></li>

<li><a href="Remote_Desktop_Services" title="Remote Desktop Services">Remote Desktop Services</a></li>

<li><a href="Symantec_Workspace_Virtualization" title="Symantec Workspace Virtualization">Symantec Workspace Virtualization</a></li>

<li><a href="Turbo_(software)" title="Turbo (software)">Turbo</a></li>

<li><a href="VMware_ThinApp" title="VMware ThinApp">VMware ThinApp</a></li>

<li><a href="ZeroVM" title="ZeroVM">ZeroVM</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Network_virtualization" title="Network virtualization">Network</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Distributed_Overlay_Virtual_Ethernet" title="Distributed Overlay Virtual Ethernet">Distributed Overlay Virtual Ethernet</a> (DOVE)</li>

<li><a href="Ethernet_VPN" title="Ethernet VPN">Ethernet VPN</a> (EVPN)</li>

<li><a href="Network_Virtualization_using_Generic_Routing_Encapsulation" title="Network Virtualization using Generic Routing Encapsulation">NVGRE</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_vSwitch" title="Open vSwitch">Open vSwitch</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_security_switch" title="Virtual security switch">Virtual security switch</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_Extensible_LAN" title="Virtual Extensible LAN">Virtual Extensible LAN</a> (VXLAN)</li>

<li><a href="Generic_Network_Virtualization_Encapsulation" title="Generic Network Virtualization Encapsulation">Generic Network Virtualization Encapsulation</a> (GENEVE)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="BlueStacks" title="BlueStacks">BlueStacks</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also: <a href="List_of_emulators" title="List of emulators">List of emulators</a>, <a href="List_of_computer_system_emulators" title="List of computer system emulators">List of computer system emulators</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<p><br>

</p>

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